Python 3.12 Preview: Static Typing Improvements – Real Python
In this tutorial, you'll preview the new static typing features in Python 3.12. You'll learn about the new syntax for type variables, making generics simpler to define. You'll also see how @override lets you model inheritance and how you use typed dictionaries to annotate variable keyword arguments.
A Guide to Python's Weak References Using weakref Module
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Chances are that you never touched and maybe haven't even heard about Python's code class="inline"weakref/code module. While it might not be common...
Python's Built-in Functions: A Complete Exploration – Real Python
In this tutorial, you'll learn the basics of working with Python's numerous built-in functions. You'll explore how to use these predefined functions to perform common tasks and operations, such as mathematical calculations, data type conversions, and string manipulations.
What Is the __pycache__ Folder in Python? – Real Python
In this tutorial, you'll explore Python's __pycache__ folder. You'll learn about when and why the interpreter creates these folders, and you'll customize their default behavior. Finally, you'll take a look under the hood of the cached .pyc files.
Python Sequences: A Comprehensive Guide – Real Python
This tutorial dives into Python sequences, which is one of the main categories of data types. You'll learn about the properties that make an object a sequence and how to create user-defined sequences.
This tutorial explores lazy evaluation in Python and looks at the advantages and disadvantages of using lazy and eager evaluation methods. By the end of this tutorial, you'll clearly understand which approach is best for you, depending on your needs.
How to Write Cleaner Python Code Using Abstract Classes
What are Abstract Classes? When are they useful? When should you use them? Let's take a look!
It turns out that the Abstract class is what we need. Essentially it forces its subclasses to implement all of its abstract methods. It is a class that represents what its subclasses look like.
How to Catch Multiple Exceptions in Python – Real Python
In this how-to tutorial, you'll learn different ways of catching multiple Python exceptions. You'll review the standard way of using a tuple in the except clause, but also expand your knowledge by exploring some other techniques, such as suppressing exceptions and using exception groups.
Merge multiple dictionaries and add items to a dictionary in Python | note.nkmk.me
This article explains how to add a new item to a dictionary (dict) or update the value of an existing item in Python. It is also possible to merge multiple dictionaries.Add or update an item in the dictionary by specifying a key Merge multiple dictionaries: update(), {}, dict(), |, |= Add or update ...
Iterators and Iterables in Python: Run Efficient Iterations – Real Python
In this tutorial, you'll learn what iterators and iterables are in Python. You'll learn how they differ and when to use them in your code. You'll also learn how to create your own iterators and iterables to make data processing more efficient.
Data classes are one of the new features of Python 3.7. With data classes you do not have to write boilerplate code to get proper initialization, representation and comparisons for your objects.
How to Split a Python List or Iterable Into Chunks – Real Python
This tutorial provides an overview of how to split a Python list into chunks. You'll learn several ways of breaking a list into smaller pieces using the standard library, third-party libraries, and custom code. You'll also split multidimensional data to synthesize an image with parallel processing.
Python's property(): Add Managed Attributes to Your Classes – Real Python
In this step-by-step tutorial, you'll learn how to create managed attributes, also known as properties, using Python's property() in your custom classes.